This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. v0E H+1Q` d IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. View details . BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. a. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Most African . HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Video Activity 7. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. hb```lRB Watch the . ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Introduction Let's Go! Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Scientists . Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. 482 0 obj <>stream This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Total: 129 a. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. %PDF-1.5 % Resume watching the video until This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. 0 Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. 3. a. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. II. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. 2 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Answers may vary. a. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj startxref Discover world-changing science. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. endstream endobj startxref Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. PART 2: Video Activity . It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. a. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. 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