trivia, I notice the signs of time passing lines appearing, white hairs. The majority of cases were acquired by hematogenous infection, although one-quarter occurred after a spinal procedure. IL-6 production in vivo in response to fungal-serum complexes could affect pathogenesis by opposing the host defense modulation by proinflammatory cytokines or by modulating the destructive effects of inflammation on host tissues. cytokines, chemokines, iNOS, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), that possibly contribute to vasculitis, temporal mRNA expression in brain basilar artery samples and MMP-9 protein in the CSF of male NZW rabbits infected intracisternally with 6.5 x 10(4) arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis were assessed. Elevated levels of MMP-9 were detectable by day 3, continued to increase through day 10, and declined by day 15 after infection. To understand the protection induced by HKY against different fungal species, additional studies of epitope mapping are warranted. Gene probes have accelerated diagnosis by culture. There is increased interest in intermittent regimen of liposomal amphotericin B, which may facilitate use in ambulatory settings. There have been several reports that the activity of echinocandin antifungal agents is not affected or decreased in the presence of human sera. In experimental candidiasis, several manipulations of the immune system, via administration of cytokines, gene deletion or antibodies to cytokines, have been shown to significantly affect survival and fungal clearance in vivo. Proof of a person's disability or proof of the service animal's health or training cannot be required. > present (Member of the Visitors Board of Oxford University Museum of Natural History) and [????] View details for Web of Science ID 000286214200026. Human leukocyte antigen A1 locus was found significantly more frequently among patients colonized with Aspergillus than among patients with IPA (P Its still unusual to find stay-at-home husbands but the reforms to maternity leave due in 2015 should make it easier for families to make this choice, if it suits them. more Papers Liquid States: A Closer Look at Sustainability and Sacred Water by Fay Stevens Transitions toward a more sustainable future is a key theme at the University of Notre Dame for the academic year 2021/22. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.01488-07, View details for Web of Science ID 000254881900063, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2292510. Here we compare the virulence of a fos-1 deletion strain with that of the parental wild-type strain in a murine model of systemic aspergillosis. TLRs are important in the defense against fungal pathogens. Overall, these data indicate that intravenously administered AmBi is superior to oral FLC or intravenous AMB and that FLC is better than AMB against experimental coccidioidal meningitis. The results indicated that the two mutations occur frequently in different isolates of C. albicans and are not reliably associated with resistance. (Medical school lecturer of Anatomy), [????] This feasibility study suggests that a short intermittent high-dose course of 10/5/5 mg LAB kg(-1) on days 1, 3 and 6 may be as safe and effective as a standard 14 day course of 3 mg kg(-1) per day, with drug-acquisition cost savings and reduced drug exposure. E(2)-regulated clones were sequenced to identify genes and biological function.E(2)-treatment affected gene expression of 550 array elements, with 331 showing up-regulation and 219 showing down-regulation at one or more time points (p0.001). Draft Genome Sequence of the Human Pathogen Halomonas stevensii S18214(T). Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein of the collectin family that appears important in resistance to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. > present (Patron of Twycross Zoo) and 2018 > present (member of the BHF Council) and 1988 > 1988 (winner: of the BBC1 Blue Peter Young Artists competition). Alice Roberts boyfriend, husband list. These findings support the thesis that the greater efficacy of micafungin in vivo compared with in vitro could be due to combined effect of phagocytic cells and micafungin. Resistance problems with caspofungin, an echinocandin inhibitor of fungal cell wall glucan synthesis, have been rare. We reported previously that Trichophyton mentagrophytes contains a cytoplasmic macromolecule which specifically binds progesterone. Research has substantiated that animals improve human health, both psychologically and physiologically. Lou, L., Velligan, M., Roberts, C., Stevens, D. A., Clemons, K. V. Zeamatin, clotrimazole and nikkomycin Z in therapy of a Candida vaginitis model. Clearance of fungal burden from the livers and spleens of mice showed RCZ and ITZ at doses of 50 mg/kg to be efficacious but not curative. Social justice. Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole treatments in a murine model of coccidioidal meningitis. VCZ was ineffective and AMBd plus CAS showed a possible antagonism. View details for PubMedID 17071553, View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780600810040, View details for Web of Science ID 000242552000003. Immune responses induced by heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A vaccine against fungal infection. The inhibition of the combination was significantly greater than drug alone (P We have previously proposed that 17beta-estradiol may be responsible in part for the decreased frequency of clinical paracoccidioidomycosis in females via a blocking of the initial morphological transformation necessary to initiate infection. ; Gabriele Sass, Ph.D.; Marife Martinez, B.S.1; Hasan Nazik, M. D.; Paulami Chatterjee, B.S.2Research interests: Dr. Stevens' group studies the biology, pathogenesis, immunology, epidemiology and therapy of fungal and parasitic infections. The importance of C5 was confirmed by studies using B10.D2/oSnJ (C5-) mice and their congenic C5+ counterparts. Inadvertent exposure to Coccidioides species by laboratory staff and others as a result of a mishap is not an uncommon cause of infection in clinical microbiology laboratories. Further study by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed the cultures represented 3 novel species: 1 (H. stevensii sp. Finally, pure SP-D added to SP-D-/- BALF inhibited TNF-alpha production by BAM-B. Patients presenting with paraplegia had a poor outcome. Turbid growth of some Candida albicans isolates occurs, paradoxically, in some high concentrations of caspofungin, above the minimum inhibitory concentration. Overall, clinical isolates of Saccharomyces were very heterogeneous and exhibited little clonality. When such risk factors as human immunodeficiency virus infection (20%), solid-organ transplantation (20%), corticosteroid use (20%), or an underlying pulmonary disease (10%) are associated with a positive culture result, clinical judgment and better diagnostic tests are necessary. One patient received 1,997 g over 86 months. The model we established provides an opportunity to study immune responses to and therapeutic options for CNS disease in an immunologically defined, genetically manipulable, and inexpensive species. Aspergillus fumigatus causes disease in birds. Alice Roberts Bio Details. Dose-escalation of Abelcet alone did not increase reduction of cfu. High dosages of lipid-formulated amphotericin B also proved unsatisfactory. Depressed IL-2 production by Con A stimulated CD-1 spleen cells correlated with depressed proliferative responses. Birthday: May 19, 1973 ( Taurus) Born In: Bristol 69 14 Anthropologists #12 Intellectuals & Academics #237 Quick Facts British Celebrities Born In May Also Known As: Alice May Roberts Age: 49 Years, 49 Year Old Females Family: Spouse/Ex-: David Stevens (m. 2000) children: Phoebe Stevens Anthropologists British Women Neither the optimal steroid dose nor the duration of therapy has been standardised but limited data suggest the starting dose should be prednisone (approximately 0.5 mg/kg/day). Of 35 speciated isolates, 22 were H. stevensii, 10 H. johnsoniae, and 3 H. hamiltonii. View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01649.x, View details for Web of Science ID 000270589000004. Vaz, C., Sampaio, P., Clemons, K. V., Huang, Y., Stevens, D. A., Pais, C. Saccharomyces as a vaccine against systemic aspergillosis: 'the friend of man' a friend again? Stevens, D. A., Kan, V. L., Judson, M. A., Morrison, V. A., Dummer, S., Denning, D. W., BENNETT, J. E., Walsh, T. J., Patterson, T. F., Pankey, G. A. Dose-finding studies in CD-1 mice showed that infection with 5 x 106 conidia/mouse consistently caused 100% mortality by day 5-8; no mice died before day 3. Concentrations of ITZ and its active metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole (OH-ITZ), in plasma and tissue samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. I successfully recovered the moorings in 2004. All items on this website 2021 All About Change Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. > present (Member of the Visitors Board of Oxford University Museum of Natural History), [????] A high intermittent dose regimen (group A: 10 mg kg(-1) on day 1, 5 mg kg(-1) on days 3 and 6) was compared with standard dosing (group B: 3 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days) of liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) for empirical treatment of persistent febrile neutropenia. Tell, L. A., Clemons, K. V., Kline, Y., Woods, L., Kass, P. H., Martinez, M., Stevens, D. A. Her work has a clear pedagogy of embedded research and practice with postgraduate teacher training . Other combinations showed lower cfu, but no significant enhancement over either drug alone. neoformans infection is usually associated with immunocompromised hosts, whereas Cryptococcusgattii more frequently causes disease in immunocompetent hosts. From 7 diverse geographic areas, 536 isolates obtained over 35 y were placed into 23 RFLP subgroups. Peritoneal macrophages (PM) from CD-1 mice had significant fungicidal activity for Bd (43%) and this increased to 63% with IFN-gamma treatment. Although higher doses could be given, no lipid-based formulation showed consistent superiority over Fungizone or over each other. See Other ligands tested were less effective. Virulence factors in Aspergillus that could aggravate these diseases, and particularly immunogenetic factors that could predispose persons to ABPA, were identified. Stevens, D. A., Denning, D. W., Shatsky, S., Armstrong, R. W., Adler, J. D., Lewis, B. H. Activity of voriconazole combined with neutrophils or monocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus: Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AIA Lecturer: David J. Stewart. B Kemp, A Stevens, GR Dabbs, M Zabecki, JC Rose. Improvement was noted with amphotericin B or itraconazole followed by voriconazole but not with itraconazole followed by amphotericin B. d*****@utah.gov. View details for Web of Science ID 000180636800013. Moreover, such treatment of PMN also enhanced the collaboration of PMN with VCZ. Martinez, M., Chen, V., Tong, A., Hamilton, K., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Reflections on the Approach to Treatment of a Mycologic Disaster, Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Cryptic Species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp nov within the Human Pathogenic Fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. Calderon, L., WILLIAMS, R., Martinez, M., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of micafungin alone or in combination against systemic murine aspergillosis. View the profiles of professionals named "David Stevens" on LinkedIn. It causes multifaceted pathology in immuno-compromised and normal hosts, notably low birth weight neonates. Invasive aspergillosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. DiSalvo, H., Haiduven, D., Johnson, N., Reyes, V. V., Hench, C. P., Shaw, R., Stevens, D. A. Inhibitor kappa B and nuclear factor kappa B in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antagonism of dexamethasone suppression of the macrophage response to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. DBA/2N mice were infected intravenously with YJM128 or Y55, and temporal burdens of yeast cells in various organs were determined. Like a superhero of the coiffe, she spends her days as a regular hair dresser, giving people layers and funky bobs. Group A contained 43 isolates (35 clinical and 8 nonclinical isolates) in 31 discernible subgroups, and group B had 17 isolates (14 clinical and 3 nonclinical isolates) in 10 subgroups. Coccidioidal infections are often difficult to treat, and outcomes can be poor. Archaeologist David Sedat (MA, Anthropology, '72), an admired authority on Maya history and culture, reckons his professional life in archaeological terms. Capilla, J., Maffei, C. M., Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Stevens, D. A. Stevens, D. A., Brummer, E., Clemons, K. V. Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (Paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; Evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin. Increased levels of transcripts corresponding to IL-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and iNOS were detected as early as day 1 postinfection, with TNF-alpha rising by approximately 30-fold and iNOS increasing by approximately 5-fold by day 7. Compared to PBS controls, the administration of HKY (6 10(7)) 3, 4 or 6 times prolonged survival (all P < 0.05) and reduced fungal load in the kidney (all P < 0.05). The addition of VCZ at 0.01 and 0.05 microg ml(-1) to human effector cells enhanced killing of Cn by 51% and 71% for the PMN, 41% and 58% for the mono, and 14% and 34% for the MDM, respectively. The lack of demonstration of efficacy in the brain suggests that longer dosing is necessary to cause burden reduction. Three of eight animals given 15 mg of AmBi per kg had no detectable infection in either tissue, whereas other doses of AmBi or FLC cleared either the brain or the spinal cord of infection in fewer rabbits. We postulate that high drug concentrations derepress or activate resistance mechanisms. In a second, open-label part of the trial, all the patients received 200 mg of itraconazole per day for 16 weeks.There were responses in 13 of 28 patients in the itraconazole group (46 percent), as compared with 5 of 27 patients in the placebo group (19 percent, P=0.04). Overall, these models have been critical to the advancement of therapy, and our current understanding of pathogenesis and host-resistance. Relapse was experienced by 3 of 9 patients who did not receive antifungal therapy during the follow-up period. Studies of comparative virulence, host response, and pathogenesis are also possible using this model. Democracy, Ideology and Process Re-Engineering: Realising the Benefits of e-Government in Singapore. Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with mannan or mannan-BSA conjugate weekly 3 times, ending 2 weeks prior to infection with A. fumigatus conidia. MICA alone at 1 mg/kg approached significance in prolonging survival. Maximum parsimony, Neighbor joining, and Bayesian clustering of the ISSR data from the 113 sequence-confirmed A. terreus isolates demonstrated that one clade was composed exclusively of isolates from Europe and another clade was enriched for isolates from the US.This study provides evidence of a population structure linked to geographical origin in A. terreus. These genes were used as markers for the MTLa and MTLalpha loci. Since IL-12 was poorly tolerated, a new protocol for infected mice, IL-12 0.1 or 0.3 microg, every other day, resulted in minimal toxicity; almost all treated mice survived (P<0.002 vs. controls). Four clinical isolates that showed paradoxical growth in vitro and one that did not were tested. This methodology, applied to species of Saccharomyces, allows unknown Saccharomyces isolates to be assigned to the type strains. Areas addressed included fungal biology, immunopathogenesis, insights from animal models, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, the use of new immunologic and genetic techniques in diagnosis, imaging modalities, pharmacology, and treatment approaches. Therefore, healthcare facilities have begun to implement programs, such as the "Furry Friends Foundation," that bring animals into the facility to improve the quality of life of patients. The frequency, interpretation, and, in particular, mechanism of resistance to current classes of antifungal agents, particularly the azoles (where resistance has climbed most prominently) are discussed in this review. It is also active in vitro and in animal models against a number of other filamentous and dimorphic endemic fungi and in animal models of Pneumocystis carinii infection. "I like to think I have been an archaeologist about one-half of one-tenth of a millennium," he says with a customary dry wit. However, significantly enhanced activity was demonstrated only with AmBi and VCZ in combination. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780802213340, View details for Web of Science ID 000265362300018. The brain fungal burden was determined by quantitative culture, and fungal DNA was detected by quantitative PCR. Liu, M., Clemons, K. V., Bigos, M., Medovarska, I., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Aspergillus Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Role of Triazole Antifungal Therapy, Aspergillosis in the 'Nonimmunocompromised' Host, An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. Shankar, J., Restrepo, A., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. > present (Member of the Longitude Prize Committee), [????] The AUC for these enzymes was also similar in the two groups. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is produced by the central nervous system and inflammatory cells in a variety of inflammatory conditions in both animals and humans. Rabbits have been used to study IPA and systemic disease, as well as fungal keratitis. The efficacy of intravenously administered liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome [AmBi]) for the treatment of experimental coccidioidal meningitis was compared with those of oral fluconazole (FLC) and intravenously administered conventional amphotericin B (AMB). The protective moiety(ies) appeared to reside in the cell wall and was resistant to 100 C, but not to protease or formalin. In two patients subsequent disseminated aspergillosis occurred with a fatal outcome. Antifungal drug resistance in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans is a serious threat to the growing population of immunocompromised patients. Hirschi, J., Stevens, D., Brayshaw, D., Czaja, A., Drijfhout, S. & Wadley, M. Research output: Contribution to conference Abstract, Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review, Research output: Working paper Preprint. Because vasculitis is seen frequently in patients with coccidioidal meningitis (CM), this study evaluated the presence of MMP-9 within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits infected intracisternally with Coccidioides immitis arthroconidia. Animal models of fungal infections are, and will remain, a key tool in the advancement of the medical mycology. The addition of caspofungin at 0.1 microg/ml and 0.05 microg/ml to the monocyte cultures increased antifungal activity. The latter includes PCR identification of fungal DNA from body fluid samples using conserved or specific genome sequences. Dr David Stevens is an organisational and corporate psychologist. Gelatin liquefaction appeared to be unrelated to pseudohyphal formation on casein or to virulence. View details for Web of Science ID 000308446100052, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3430342. It is known that these drugs are bound >80% in animal and human sera. However, despite its beneficial effects, DEX puts patients at risk for opportunistic infections, especially pulmonary aspergillosis. dermatitidis was inhibited (P < 0.01). Interleukin 18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor beta1, and IL-12p(40) mRNAs were constitutively expressed in the brains of infected and uninfected mice; IL-2 mRNA was not detected at any time. View details for Web of Science ID 000173949300004. View details for DOI 10.1164/rccm.2008-740ST, View details for Web of Science ID 000286155600016. This has led to my participation in coupled ocean-atmosphere modelling projects, includingHiGEM. By the sandwich immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method with anti-mouse MBL (MBL-A or -C), we showed that serum MBL bound to B. dermatitidis. Some populations that are at risk for aspergillosis might be likely candidates for receiving the first vaccinations against aspergillosis, or vaccination of a stem cell donor might be considered in some circumstances. Co-dominant PCR-based markers utilizing five separate PCR fingerprints were obtained in the present investigation. Click the button below to download Dr David Stevenss resume as a PDF. Lethargy, ataxia, or paralysis preceded death. We used competitive reverse transcription-PCR to delineate the time course of the local expression of mRNAs encoding a variety of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during progressive murine cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and assessed the CNS inflammatory response using immunohistochemistry. Oral therapy with cyclodextrin (control) or itraconazole or fluconazole at 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (BID) was given for 12 days, from day 3 of infection. From online or printed sources and from publicly accessible databases. However, cost and increased needs of animal care and husbandry are limitations that influence the use of the larger animal species. Fungal burdens in brains and kidneys were reduced after > 0.3 mg of mannan-BSA (all P < 0.05). The management of invasive aspergillosis remains suboptimal: only 38% of patients are alive 3 months after diagnosis. Isolates from Jews (51), Arabs (35) and Druze (25) were genotyped. [2][3] Upon his retirement in 1879, Stevens moved to Reading, Berkshire as a widower to pursue his archaeological and geological interests. Oral therapy with the new, antifungal agent itraconazole was successful in five of the six patients, with fatal relapse in one. Alice Roberts and David Stevens - Dating, Gossip, News, Photos list. HKY also induced antibody against Saccharomyces glucan and mannan with titers 4- or 2-fold, respectively, above that in unvaccinated. I welcome doctoral research applications in the following areas; the foundations of liberalism; Rawlsian political philosophy; social justice; political liberalism; anti-perfectionism; just war theory; the philosophy of education; rational choice and religion. Mortality from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis approaches 80% with few useful therapeutic options available. The abilities of subpopulations to survive at high drug concentrations could have in vivo consequences. The overall success rate (i.e., the data review committee-assessed global response at the end of treatment) was 42% for posaconazole recipients and 26% for control subjects (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-11.04; P=.006). We compared posaconazole with other antifungals for efficacy against murine CNS aspergillosis. See the Elon Musk family tree here at FameChain. Hyphae were generated by incubation of conidia for 24 h with or without micafungin.
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